recombinant human semaphorin 3a  (R&D Systems)

Journal: Biomimetics

Article Title: Osseointegration of Titanium Implants in a Botox-Induced Muscle Paralysis Rat Model Is Sensitive to Surface Topography and Semaphorin 3A Treatment

doi: 10.3390/biomimetics8010093

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of the experimental procedures. ( a ) Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: BTX and BTX+Sema3A groups underwent botox injection on day 1 and day 25 to ensure the botox effect for the entire study. Veh+Sema3A and BTX+Sema3A groups had sema3A injections on day 21 and day 28. Veh group and BTX group were injected with sterile saline as vehicle controls. Rats were harvested on day 38. ( b ) Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups. On day 1, groups 3–6 received 8 units of botulinum toxin type A (BTX) with 2 units to the paraspinal muscles, upper and lower quadriceps, hamstring, and calf. On day 21, groups 1, 3, and 4 received PT implants (smooth), and 2, 5, and 6 received SLAnano implants screwed into the right distal femurs. Groups 4 and 6 were treated with recombinant sema3A delivered via hydrogel in the drilled bone marrow cavity before implant insertion and above the implants after implant insertion. On day 28, botox groups received a second injection of BTX. On day 49, all rats were sacrificed, and femurs were harvested for microCT scanning and removal torque mechanical testing.

Article Snippet: Recombinant human sema3A (R&D Systems) was reconstituted with the PEG-DBCO crosslinker solution.

Techniques: Injection, Sterility, Saline, Muscles, Recombinant

Journal: Biomimetics

Article Title: Osseointegration of Titanium Implants in a Botox-Induced Muscle Paralysis Rat Model Is Sensitive to Surface Topography and Semaphorin 3A Treatment

doi: 10.3390/biomimetics8010093

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of sema3A on trabecular and cortical bone formation at the distal end of femurs. After 38 days, femurs were isolated and the metaphysis of distal femurs ( a ) was analyzed with 3D microCT reconstructions: vehicle left femur ( b ), vehicle right femur ( f ), veh+Sema3A left femur ( c ), veh+Sema3A right femur ( g ), BTX left femur ( d ), BTX right femur ( h ), BTX+Sema3A left femur ( e ), and BTX+Sema3A right femur ( i ). Trabecular bone volume/total volume ( j ), total porosity ( k ), trabecular thickness ( l ), and trabecular number ( m ) were quantified from the microCT reconstructions. Cortical bone volume/total volume ( n ), total porosity ( o ), and cortical thickness ( p ) were quantified from the microCT reconstructions. Data shown are the means of treatment/contralateral leg for each group ± standard error of n = 5 for the veh group, n = 8 for the veh+Sema3A group, n = 8 for the BTX group, and n = 9 for the BTX+Sema3A group. Comparisons between treatment legs and contralateral legs identified with an asterisk, *, are statistically different at α = 0.05 by the Wilcoxon matched-paired signed rank test. One-way ANOVA was used for comparisons among multiple groups, and Tukey’s post hoc test was used after ANOVA. # p < 0.05 vs. veh group, $ p < 0.05 vs. veh+Sema3A group. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Article Snippet: Recombinant human sema3A (R&D Systems) was reconstituted with the PEG-DBCO crosslinker solution.

Techniques: Isolation

Journal: Biomimetics

Article Title: Osseointegration of Titanium Implants in a Botox-Induced Muscle Paralysis Rat Model Is Sensitive to Surface Topography and Semaphorin 3A Treatment

doi: 10.3390/biomimetics8010093

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of sema3A on cortical bone formation at the sema3A injected sites. After 38 days, femurs were isolated, and the sema3A injected sites of distal femurs ( a ) were analyzed with 3D microCT reconstructions: vehicle left femur ( b ), vehicle right femur ( f ), veh+Sema3A left femur ( c ), veh+Sema3A right femur ( g ), BTX left femur ( d ), BTX right femur ( h ), BTX+Sema3A left femur ( e ), and BTX+Sema3A right femur ( i ). Cortical bone volume/total volume ( j ), total porosity ( k ), and cortical thickness ( l ) at the sema3A injection sites were quantified from the microCT reconstructions. Cortical bone volume/total volume ( m ), total porosity ( n ), and cortical thickness ( o ) at the mid-diaphysis were quantified from the microCT reconstructions. Data shown are the means of treatment/contralateral leg for each group ± standard error of n=5 for the veh group, n = 8 for the veh+Sema3A group, n = 8 for the BTX group, and n = 9 for BTX+Sema3A group. Comparisons between treatment legs and contralateral legs identified with an asterisk, *, are statistically different at α = 0.05 by the Wilcoxon matched-paired signed rank test. One-way ANOVA was used for comparisons among multiple groups and Tukey’s post hoc test was used after ANOVA. # p < 0.05 vs. veh group, $ p < 0.05 vs. veh+Sema3A group. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Article Snippet: Recombinant human sema3A (R&D Systems) was reconstituted with the PEG-DBCO crosslinker solution.

Techniques: Injection, Isolation

Journal: Biomimetics

Article Title: Osseointegration of Titanium Implants in a Botox-Induced Muscle Paralysis Rat Model Is Sensitive to Surface Topography and Semaphorin 3A Treatment

doi: 10.3390/biomimetics8010093

Figure Lengend Snippet: The evaluation of osseointegration by microCT. Male, 12-week-old Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups: control + PT implants control + SLAnano implants, BTX + PT implants, BTX+ PT + Sema3A, BTX + SLAnano implants, BTX + SLAnano + Sema3A groups. Twnety-one days after botox injection, PT or SLAnano were inserted into the distal end of the right femurs. Sema3A was delivered by hydrogel into the bone marrow space before implant insertions and above implants after insertions. Femurs were harvested after 28 days of osseointegration and prepared for microCT scanning. The representative images from microCT were shown in ( a ) control + SLAnano, ( b ) BTX + SLAnano, ( c ) BTX + SLAnano + Sema3A, and the total bone to implant contact ( d ), bone to implant contact in bone marrow space ( e ), and cortical bone to implant contact ( f ) were quantified from 3D microCT images. The osseointegration of PT implants was also evaluated, and the representative images were shown as ( g ) control + PT, ( h ) BTX + PT, and ( i ) BTX+PT+Sema3A. The total bone to implant contact ( j ), bone implant contact in the marrow space ( k ), and cortical bone to implant contact ( l ) were quantified. Data shown are the means for each group ± standard error of n = 8 for control + PT, and control + SLA, n = 7 for BTX + SLAnano, and n = 8 for BTX + SLAnano + Sema3A, BTX + PT, BTX + PT +Sema3A group. Groups not sharing a letter were significantly different (A vs. B vs. C) by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test (α = 0.05). Groups that share a letter (A vs. A or AB vs. B for example) are not significantly different. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Article Snippet: Recombinant human sema3A (R&D Systems) was reconstituted with the PEG-DBCO crosslinker solution.

Techniques: Control, Injection

Journal: Biomimetics

Article Title: Osseointegration of Titanium Implants in a Botox-Induced Muscle Paralysis Rat Model Is Sensitive to Surface Topography and Semaphorin 3A Treatment

doi: 10.3390/biomimetics8010093

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effect of sema3A on the mechanical properties of rat femurs was assessed by 3-point bending tests, and the mechanical properties of bone around the implants were assessed by removal torque test. Fresh femurs from the first animal study after microCT scanning were prepared for 3-point bending tests, and fresh femurs from the second animal study after microCT scanning was prepared for removal torque mechanical study. Load vs. displacement graph or load vs. radian graph was generated for each femur and fit to a bilinear model ( a ) to calculate max load ( b ), stiffness ( c ), and toughness ( d ) from a 3-point bending test, and max load ( e ), torsional stiffness ( f ), and yield point ( g ) were calculated from removal torque mechanical test. Data within each group not sharing a letter are significantly different (A vs. B vs. C vs. D for example) at an α = 0.05 by one-way ANOVA with Tukey hoc-post correction for multiple group comparison for graphs. Groups that share a letter (A vs. A or AB vs. B for example) are not significantly different ( b – d ). Two-way ANOVA was used to compare groups in graphs ( e – g ).

Article Snippet: Recombinant human sema3A (R&D Systems) was reconstituted with the PEG-DBCO crosslinker solution.

Techniques: Generated, Comparison